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Year 2014 Vol. 22 No 6

REVIEWS

E.A. SHLYAKHTUNOV

MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE AT SOLID TUMORS – A CONTEMPORARY STATE OF THE PROBLEM

EE “Vitebsk State Medical University”,
The Republic of Belarus

The paper presents a review of the current literature concerning some aspects of on the diagnosis of minimal residual disease (MRD) at solid tumors. Distant metastases are considered to be the main cause of death in patients with malignant tumors. MRD is defined as the presence of tumor cells which can not be detected by current routine diagnostic methods used to determine the tumor stage. It is found that in 20–45% of oncological patients (category M0) the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been revealed in the peripheral blood, and in 25-60% of patients the disseminated tumor cells (MLC) are found in the bone marrow. Currently, CSC and MLC are proposed to be classified as MRD. A threshold number of CTCs is determined, which makes up 5 CTCs in 7.5 ml of blood. Availability of ≥5 tumor cells in 7.5 ml of peripheral blood is associated with poor prognosis.
Currently, CSC is used to search for a commercially available device approved by the FDA - CellSearch (Veridex LLC) for monitoring the treatment of patients suffering from breast cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. In addition, using various modifications of PCR analysis can identify tumor-associated genes such as the tyrosinase gene (TYR), gene survivin (BIRC5), gene of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB-2/HER2-Neu), as well as "household" genes (GAPDH, 18S rRNA). These genes are now being considered as markers of MRD.

Keywords: minimal residual disease, metastasis, malignant solid tumor, diagnostics
p. 735-742 of the original issue
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Address for correspondence:
210023, Respublika Belarus,
g. Vitebsk, pr. Frunze, d. 27,
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tel. office: 375 212 57-64-16,
e-mail: Evgenij-shlyakhtunov@yandex.ru,
Shlyakhtunov Evgeniy Aleksandrovich
Information about the authors:
Shlyakhtunov E.A. PhD, associate professor of the oncology chair with the courses of X-ray diagnostics and X-ray therapy of the advanced training and personnel retraining faculty of EE “Vitebsk State Medical University”.
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