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Year 2019 Vol. 27 No 4

REVIEWS

M.V. YAKIMAVA, K.N. ZHYLIAEVA, A.V. MIADZVEDZ, L.V. NAUMENKO, A.I. SUBACH

MOLECULAR MARKERS OF UVEAL MELANOMA

N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk,
The Republic of Belarus

The literature review is dedicated to the molecular aspects of uveal melanoma.
Although uveal melanoma is a rare pathology, it is characterized by poor prognosis associated with a high probability of tumor progression. According to current conceptions, the availability of clinical and pathomorphological criteria is insufficient for making a correct differential diagnosis of the disease, stratification of metastatic disease risk, evaluation of the disease prognosis and the tumor response to therapy. The molecular genetic study is a valuable supplement to the current techniques.
A number of molecular-biological features are characteristic for uveal melanoma, which could be used as diagnostic criteria of this tumor, as well as for evaluation of its metastatic potential. The review presents the current notion of the benefits and limitations in application of cytogenetic markers, gene expression profiling and driver mutations as prognostic factors of uveal melanoma. Nevertheless, despite the considerable number of articles, there is no ambiguity in understanding molecular mechanisms of uveal melanoma carcinogenesis and especially in the disease progression. Today there are neither reliable criteria for predicting the neoplastic process nor the algorithm for the early detection of metastatasis, which makes further research a high-priority task.

Keywords: uveal melanoma, prognostic markers, cytogenetic aberrations, gene expression profiling, mutations
p. 443-452 of the original issue
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Address for correspondence:
223040, The Republic of Belarus,
Lesnoy,
N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus,
Republican Molecular-Genetic
Laboratory of Carcinogenesis,
Oncologic Unit (Genetics).
Tel. +375 (29) 667 93 34,
e-mail: helen_suboch@mail.ru,
Elena I. Suboch
Information about the authors:
Yakimava Maryia V., Physician of Laboratory Diagnostics of the Oncology Unit (Genetics) of the Republican Molecular-Genetic Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5522-3223
Zhyliaeva Katsiaryna P., Ophthalmologist of the Consultative-Out-Patient Department, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-6895
Miadzvedz Antanina V., Physician of Laboratory Diagnostics of the Oncology Unit (Cellular Technologies) of the Republican Molecular-Genetic Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-1775
Naumenko Larisa V., PhD, Ophthalmologist of the Unit of Head and Neck Tumors, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-9176
Subach Alena I., PhD, Physician of Laboratory Diagnostics (Head) of the Oncology Unit (Genetics) of the Republican Molecular-Genetic Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3939-6597
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