Novosti
Khirurgii

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Year 2019 Vol. 27 No 2

REVIEWS

I.V. MAIBORODIN 1, A.I. SHEVELA 1, V.V. MOROZOV 1, T.V. MIKHEEVA 1, N.F. FIGURENKO 1, R.V. MASLOV 1, V.I. MAIBORODINA 2

THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EXOSOMES) OF MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS ON BONE TISSUE REGENERATION

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch 1,
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine 2,
Novosibirsk,
The Russian Federation

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have been widely used for tissue regeneration including the repair of bone defects. However, shortcomings of MSC application, including the limited term of existence in tissues, have become an obstacle for further direct transplantation of MSC.
There is a necessary to create new methods of cell therapy that do not have the disadvantages of the direct MSC application, but which influence the bone tissue regeneration with the same effectiveness.
Cells influence each other and exchange the functional proteins and genetic material through the secretion of exosomes which can be also applied for the impact on tissue regeneration. Exosomes strengthen proliferation, migration and act as the inductors of differentiation of MSC in the determined direction including osteogenic one that leads to the considerable acceleration of bone defect reparation. The delivery of microRNA and various regulating cytokines is a possible mechanism of optimization of tissue reparation by exosomes. The action of exosomes to a large extent is similar to effects of MSC. The creation of animals with preset properties has good prospects. However, the assessment of therapeutic potential and use in future clinical tests of the extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, demands their total characteristic, standardization of strictly particular conditions of storage and receiving, removal xenogenic and others substances, bound to the source.
The application of exosomes has high potential for reparative medicine, in particular, for acceleration of bone tissue regeneration, and opens new paths of medical research.

Keywords: regeneration of bone tissue, mesenchymal stromal cells, exosomes, microvesicles, cell interaction
p. 196-203 of the original issue
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Address for correspondence:
630090, The Russian Federation,
Novosibirsk, Ac. Lavrentyev Ave., 8,
Institute of Chemical Biology
and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS,
Center of New Medical Technologies.
Tel.: 8-913-753-0767,
e-mail: imai@mail.ru,
Igor V. Maiborodin
Information about the authors:
Maiborodin Igor V., MD, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-5084
Shevela Andrey I., MD, Professor, Head of the Center of Innovative Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-9377
Morozov Vitaly V., Head of the Laboratory of Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-5593
Mikheeva Tatiana V., PhD, Applicant for Doctor’s Degree of the Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-5174
Figurenko Nikolay F., PhD, Applicant for Doctor’s Degree of the Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0430-8673
Maslov Roman V., PhD, Applicant for Doctor’s Degree of the Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-859X
Maiborodina Vitalina I., MD, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Ultrastructural Basis of Pathology, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-6373
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