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Year 2014 Vol. 22 No 4

REVIEWS

Е.А. SHLYAKHTUNOV, V.M. SEMENOV

MOLECULAR GENETIC DIAGNOSIS OF SOME MALIGNANT SOLID TUMORS

EE “Vitebsk State Medical University”,
The Republic of Belarus

This article aims to review the recent literature on topic of the molecular genetic diagnosis of some malignant solid tumors. Possibilities of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the various tumor-associated genes have been determined. The characteristics, localization, functions of series genes, such as tyrosinase gene (TYR), survivin (BIRC5), epidermal growth factor (ErbB-2/HER2-Neu), as well as "housekeeping" genes (GAPDH, 18S rRNA) are presented. Their clinical importance, prognostic significance in different types of malignant tumors such as melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, etc have been determined. The study of these genes is considered to be one of diagnostic option of minimal residual disease in the case of opportunity to reveal the progression of neoplastic process at the stage of single tumor cells presence. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to identify the specific genes directly in tumor tissue obtained at biopsy and in treated tumor cells. The tumor-associated genes disseminated in the peripheral blood is able to identify a number of tumors. The researches aimed at studying of the expression of tumor-associated genes are considered to be promising and relevant to customize treatment (surgery, neo- and adjuvant drug therapy) of patients suffering from malignant tumors.

Keywords: cancer, tumor marker, genetic diagnosis
p. 481 – 487 of the original issue
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Address for correspondence:
210023, Respublika Belarus, g. Vitebsk, pr. Frunze, d. 27, UO “Vitebskiy gosudarstvennyiy meditsinskiy universitet”, kafedra onkologii s kursami LD, LT, FPK i PK,
e-mail: Evgenij-shlyakhtunov@yandex.ru,
Shlyakhtunov Evgeniy
Information about the authors:
Shlyyakhtunov E.A. PhD, an associate professor of oncology chair with the courses of RD, RT, the retraining and advanced training faculty of EE “Vitebsk State Medical University”.
Semenov V.M. MD, professor, a dean of the medical faculty of EE “Vitebsk State Medical University”.
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