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Khirurgii

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Year 2013 Vol. 21 No 5

REVIEWS

F.P. KAPSARGIN, E.V. DYABKIN, A.G. BEREZHNOY

THE MODERN SURGICAL APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF UROLITHIASIS

SBEE HPE "Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky",
The Russian Federation

The article presents the review of studies devoted to urolithiasis which is considered as one of the most common diseases in everyday urological practice. According to most researchers in recent years the disease develops in not less than 1-3% of the world population and characterized by the endemic spread. The importance of the problem is due to the fact that the disease is more common among people of the most productive age (20-50 years). Currently, the most of the stones are removed by applying the minimally invasive methods, but in the certain situations (large stones) the operative treatment is indicated. In each situation several treatment options are studied and the most appropriate one for each patient is chosen. The literature analysis shows that the achievements of the last decade have been directed primarily at optimizing the properties of endoscopic equipment with the reduction of tool diameter, improvement of the optical resolution and durability of flexible tools as well as the improving disintegration technique of stones. Current approaches and widespread application of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), contact lithotripsy (CLT) with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy (PNL) allow a manifold increasing of the level of treatment, reducing the risk of complications as well as improving the of patients’ quality of life. A marked tendency of combination of minimally invasive technique of lithoextraction with remote techniques of stones fragmentation has been traced. Taking into account the high prevalence of urolithiasis, frequent recurrences as well as general social significance of the problem the continuation of active experimental researches to identify the pathogenetic mechanisms of stone formation, methods of prevention it of stone formation and minimization of invasive methods to remove stones of the urinary tract should be considered the priority trend.

Keywords: urolithiasis, kidney, surgical treatment, shock-wave lithotripsy, ureterorenoscopy, contact lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy
p. 101 – 106 of the original issue
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Address for correspondence:
660022, Rossiiskaia Federatsiia, g. Krasnoiarsk, ul. Partizana Zhelezniaka, d. 1, GBOU VPO "Krasnoiarskii gosudarstvennyi meditsinskii universitet imeni professora V.F. Voino-Iasenetskogo", kafedra obshchei khirurgii,
e-mail: dyabkyn@mail.ru,
Diabkin Evgenii Vladimirovich
Information about the authors:
Kapsargin F.P. MD, a head of the chair of urology, andrology and sexology of IPO SEI HPE "Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky".
Dyabkin E.V. PhD, an assistant of the chair of general surgery of SEI HPE "Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky".
Berezhnoy A.G. PhD, an assistant of the chair of urology, andrology and sexology of IPO SEI HPE "Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky".
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